Ever since SQLite in Nixpkgs was updated to 3.8.0.2, Nix has randomly
segfaulted on Darwin:

  http://hydra.nixos.org/build/6175515
  http://hydra.nixos.org/build/6611038

It turns out that this is because the binary cache substituter somehow
ends up loading two versions of SQLite: the one in Nixpkgs and the
other from /usr/lib/libsqlite3.dylib.  It's not exactly clear why the
latter is loaded, but it appears to be because WWW::Curl indirectly loads
/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreFoundation.framework/Versions/A/CoreFoundation,
which in turn seems to load /usr/lib/libsqlite3.dylib.  This leads to
a segfault when Perl exits:

  #0  0x00000001010375f4 in sqlite3_finalize ()
  #1  0x000000010125806e in sqlite_st_destroy ()
  #2  0x000000010124bc30 in XS_DBD__SQLite__st_DESTROY ()
  #3  0x00000001001c8155 in XS_DBI_dispatch ()
  ...
  #14 0x0000000100023224 in perl_destruct ()
  #15 0x0000000100000d6a in main ()
  ...

The workaround is to explicitly load DBD::SQLite before WWW::Curl.

We don't have any other kind of sets so calling them attribute sets is
unnecessarily verbose.

Fixes #172.

We already have some primops for determining the type of a value, such
as isString, but they're incomplete: for instance, there is no isPath.
Rather than adding more isBla functions, the generic typeOf function
returns a string representing the type of the argument (e.g. "int").

Previously we only used the resolved name, causing repeated resolution
(e.g. /dir to /dir/default.nix).

Also, build for Ubuntu 13.10 and Fedora 19.

I.e. "nix-store -q --roots" will now show (for example)

  /home/eelco/Dev/nixpkgs/result

rather than

  /nix/var/nix/gcroots/auto/53222qsppi12s2hkap8dm2lg8xhhyk6v

Shouldn't really matter, but you never know.

nix-shell with the --command flag might be used non-interactively, but
if bash starts non-interactively (i.e. with stdin or stderr not a
terminal), it won't source the script given in --rcfile. However, in
that case it *will* source the script found in $BASH_ENV, so we can use
that instead.

Also, don't source ~/.bashrc in a non-interactive shell (detectable by
checking the PS1 env var)

Signed-off-by: Shea Levy <shea@shealevy.com>

Combined with the previous changes, stack traces involving derivations
are now much less verbose, since something like

  while evaluating the builtin function `getAttr':
  while evaluating the builtin function `derivationStrict':
  while instantiating the derivation named `gtk+-2.24.20' at `/home/eelco/Dev/nixpkgs/pkgs/development/libraries/gtk+/2.x.nix:11:3':
  while evaluating the derivation attribute `propagatedNativeBuildInputs' at `/home/eelco/Dev/nixpkgs/pkgs/stdenv/generic/default.nix:78:17':
  while evaluating the attribute `outPath' at `/nix/store/212ngf4ph63mp6p1np2bapkfikpakfv7-nix-1.6/share/nix/corepkgs/derivation.nix:18:9':
  ...

now reads

  while evaluating the attribute `propagatedNativeBuildInputs' of the derivation `gtk+-2.24.20' at `/home/eelco/Dev/nixpkgs/pkgs/development/libraries/gtk+/2.x.nix:11:3':
  ...

Messages like

  while evaluating the attribute `outPath' at `/nix/store/212ngf4ph63mp6p1np2bapkfikpakfv7-nix-1.6/share/nix/corepkgs/derivation.nix:18:9':

are redundant, because Nix already shows that it's evaluating a derivation:

  while instantiating the derivation named `firefox-24.0' at `/home/eelco/Dev/nixpkgs/pkgs/applications/networking/browsers/firefox/default.nix:131:5':
  while evaluating the derivation attribute `nativeBuildInputs' at `/home/eelco/Dev/nixpkgs/pkgs/stdenv/generic/default.nix:76:17':

Now we only rewrite "${expr}" to expr if expr is a string literal.

Antiquotes should evaluate to strings or paths.  This is usually
checked, except in the case where the antiquote makes up the entire
string, as in "${expr}".  This is optimised to expr, which discards
the runtime type checks / coercions.

Commit 159e621d accidentally changed
the behaviour of antiquoted paths, e.g.

  "${/foo}/bar"

used to evaluate to "/nix/store/<hash>-foo/bar" (where /foo gets
copied to the store), but in Nix 1.6 it evaluates to "/foo/bar".  This
is inconsistent, since

  " ${/foo}/bar"

evaluates to " /nix/store/<hash>-foo/bar".  So revert to the old
behaviour.

This broke in Nix 1.6.

To deal with SQLITE_PROTOCOL, we also need to retry read-only
operations.

Registering the path as failed can fail if another process does the
same thing after the call to hasPathFailed().  This is extremely
unlikely though.

There is no risk of getting an inconsistent result here: if the ID
returned by queryValidPathId() is deleted from the database
concurrently, subsequent queries involving that ID will simply fail
(since IDs are never reused).

In the Hydra build farm we fairly regularly get SQLITE_PROTOCOL errors
(e.g., "querying path in database: locking protocol").  The docs for
this error code say that it "is returned if some other process is
messing with file locks and has violated the file locking protocol
that SQLite uses on its rollback journal files."  However, the SQLite
source code reveals that this error can also occur under high load:

  if( cnt>5 ){
    int nDelay = 1;                      /* Pause time in microseconds */
    if( cnt>100 ){
      VVA_ONLY( pWal->lockError = 1; )
      return SQLITE_PROTOCOL;
    }
    if( cnt>=10 ) nDelay = (cnt-9)*238;  /* Max delay 21ms. Total delay 996ms */
    sqlite3OsSleep(pWal->pVfs, nDelay);
  }

i.e. if certain locks cannot be not acquired, SQLite will retry a
number of times before giving up and returing SQLITE_PROTOCOL.  The
comments say:

  Circumstances that cause a RETRY should only last for the briefest
  instances of time.  No I/O or other system calls are done while the
  locks are held, so the locks should not be held for very long. But
  if we are unlucky, another process that is holding a lock might get
  paged out or take a page-fault that is time-consuming to resolve,
  during the few nanoseconds that it is holding the lock.  In that case,
  it might take longer than normal for the lock to free.
  ...
  The total delay time before giving up is less than 1 second.

On a heavily loaded machine like lucifer (the main Hydra server),
which often has dozens of processes waiting for I/O, it seems to me
that a page fault could easily take more than a second to resolve.
So, let's treat SQLITE_PROTOCOL as SQLITE_BUSY and retry the
transaction.

Issue NixOS/hydra#14.

Nixpkgs's stdenv setup script sets the "nullglob" option, but doing so
breaks Bash completion on NixOS (when ‘programs.bash.enableCompletion’
is set) and on Ubuntu.  So clear that flag afterwards.  Of course,
this may break stdenv functions in subtle ways...

This saves ~4 MiB of RAM for NixOS system instantiation, and ~18 MiB
for "nix-env -qa".

Previously, a undefined variable inside a "with" caused an EvalError
(which can be caught), while outside, it caused a ParseError (which
cannot be caught).  Now both cause an UndefinedVarError (which cannot
be caught).