console: Implement pre-console buffer

Allow redirection of console output prior to console initialisation to a
temporary buffer.

To enable this functionality, the board (or arch) must define:
 - CONFIG_PRE_CONSOLE_BUFFER - Enable pre-console buffer
 - CONFIG_PRE_CON_BUF_ADDR - Base address of pre-console buffer
 - CONFIG_PRE_CON_BUF_SZ - Size of pre-console buffer (in bytes)

The pre-console buffer will buffer the last CONFIG_PRE_CON_BUF_SZ bytes
Any earlier characters are silently dropped.