Fixes #294.

Only add the importNative primop if the allow-arbitrary-code-during-evaluation option is true (default false)

This can be used to import a dynamic shared object and return an
arbitrary value, including new primops. This can be used both to test
new primops without having to recompile nix every time, and to build
specialized primops that probably don't belong upstream (e.g. a function
that calls out to gpg to decrypt a nixops secret as-needed).

The imported function should initialize the Value & as needed. A single
import can define multiple values by creating an attrset or list, of
course.

An example initialization function might look like:

extern "C" void initialize(nix::EvalState & state, nix::Value & v)
{
    v.type = nix::tPrimOp;
    v.primOp = NEW nix::PrimOp(myFun, 1, state.symbols.create("myFun"));
}

Then `builtins.importNative ./example.so "initialize"` will evaluate to
the primop defined in the myFun function.

They're a little bit too recent (only supported since GCC 4.7).

http://hydra.nixos.org/build/11851475

Also, yay for C++11 non-static initialisers.

We're not catching these anywhere.

In addition to reducing duplication, this fixes both import from
derivation and import of derivation for scopedImport

- Use define-derived-mode to declare nix-mode
- Use autoloads to ensure nix-mode is usable (and enabled) without needing `require`
- Use set + make-local-variable instead of longer 2-step equivalent

There really is no case I can think of where taking the context into
account is useful. Mostly it's just very inconvenient.

When copying a large path causes the daemon to run out of memory, you
now get:

  error: Nix daemon out of memory

instead of:

  error: writing to file: Broken pipe

I.e. if you have a derivation with

  src = ./huge-directory;

you'll get a warning that this is not a good idea.

'type -p' does not work in e.g. dash

It's slower than ExprVar since it doesn't compute a static
displacement. Since we're not using the throw primop in the
implementation of <...> anymore, it's also not really needed.

Nix search path lookups like <nixpkgs> are now desugared to ‘findFile
nixPath <nixpkgs>’, where ‘findFile’ is a new primop. Thus you can
override the search path simply by saying

  let
    nixPath = [ { prefix = "nixpkgs"; path = "/my-nixpkgs"; } ];
  in ... <nixpkgs> ...

In conjunction with ‘scopedImport’ (commit
c273c15c), the Nix search path can be
propagated across imports, e.g.

  let

    overrides = {
      nixPath = [ ... ] ++ builtins.nixPath;
      import = fn: scopedImport overrides fn;
      scopedImport = attrs: fn: scopedImport (overrides // attrs) fn;
      builtins = builtins // overrides;
    };

  in scopedImport overrides ./nixos

Also fixes #261.

It contains the Nix expression search path as a list of { prefix, path
} sets, e.g.

  [ { path = "/nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/root/channels/nixos"; prefix = ""; }
    { path = "/etc/nixos/configuration.nix"; prefix = "nixos-config"; }
    { path = "/home/eelco/Dev/nix/inst/share/nix/corepkgs"; prefix = "nix"; }
  ]

‘scopedImport’ works like ‘import’, except that it takes a set of
attributes to be added to the lexical scope of the expression,
essentially extending or overriding the builtin variables.  For
instance, the expression

  scopedImport { x = 1; } ./foo.nix

where foo.nix contains ‘x’, will evaluate to 1.

This has a few applications:

* It allows getting rid of function argument specifications in package
  expressions. For instance, a package expression like:

    { stdenv, fetchurl, libfoo }:

    stdenv.mkDerivation { ... buildInputs = [ libfoo ]; }

  can now we written as just

    stdenv.mkDerivation { ... buildInputs = [ libfoo ]; }

  and imported in all-packages.nix as:

    bar = scopedImport pkgs ./bar.nix;

  So whereas we once had dependencies listed in three places
  (buildInputs, the function, and the call site), they now only need
  to appear in one place.

* It allows overriding builtin functions. For instance, to trace all
  calls to ‘map’:

  let
    overrides = {
      map = f: xs: builtins.trace "map called!" (map f xs);

      # Ensure that our override gets propagated by calls to
      # import/scopedImport.
      import = fn: scopedImport overrides fn;

      scopedImport = attrs: fn: scopedImport (overrides // attrs) fn;

      # Also update ‘builtins’.
      builtins = builtins // overrides;
    };
  in scopedImport overrides ./bla.nix

* Similarly, it allows extending the set of builtin functions. For
  instance, during Nixpkgs/NixOS evaluation, the Nixpkgs library
  functions could be added to the default scope.

There is a downside: calls to scopedImport are not memoized, unlike
import. So importing a file multiple times leads to multiple parsings
/ evaluations. It would be possible to construct the AST only once,
but that would require careful handling of variables/environments.

Fixes #265.

It breaks randomly: http://hydra.nixos.org/build/11152871

If a build log is not available locally, then ‘nix-store -l’ will now
try to download it from the servers listed in the ‘log-servers’ option
in nix.conf. For instance, if you have:

  log-servers = http://hydra.nixos.org/log

then it will try to get logs from http://hydra.nixos.org/log/<base
name of the store path>. So you can do things like:

  $ nix-store -l $(which xterm)

and get a log even if xterm wasn't built locally.

readdir() already returns the inode numbers, so we don't need to call
lstat to know if a file was already linked or not.